Solomon (/ˈsɒləmən/; Hebrew: שְׁלֹמֹה,Modern Šlōmō Tiberian Šelōmō ISO 259-3Šlomo; Syriac: ܫܠܝܡܘܢ Šlemūn; Arabic: سُليمانSulaymān, also colloquially: Silimān or Slemān;Greek: Σολομών Solomōn; Latin: Salomon), also called Jedidiah (Hebrew יְדִידְיָהּ Yədidya), was, according to the Hebrew Bible (Book of Kings: 1 Kings 1–11; Book of Chronicles: 1 Chronicles 28–29, 2 Chronicles 1–9), Quran,hadith and Hidden Words,[3] a fabulously wealthy and wise king of Israel who succeeded his father, King David.[4] The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE, normally given in alignment with the dates of David's reign. He is described as the third king of the United Monarchy, which would break apart into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southernKingdom of Judah shortly after his death. Following the split, his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone.
According to the Talmud, Solomon is one of the 48 prophets.[5] In the Quran, he is considered a major prophet, and Muslimsgenerally refer to him by the Arabic variantSulayman, son of David.
The Hebrew Bible credits him as the builder of the First Temple in Jerusalem,[4] beginning in the fourth year of his reign, using the vast wealth he had accumulated. He dedicated the temple to Yahweh, the God of Israel.[6] He is portrayed as great in wisdom, wealth and power beyond either of the previous kings of the country, but also as a king who sinned. His sins included idolatry, marrying foreign women and, ultimately, turning away from Yahweh, and they led to the kingdom's being torn in two during the reign of his sonRehoboam.[7]
Solomon is the subject of many other later references and legends, most notably in the 1st-century apocryphal work known as theTestament of Solomon. In the New Testament, he is portrayed as a teacher of wisdom excelled by Jesus,[8] and as arrayed in glory, but excelled by "the lilies of the field".[9]In later years, in mostly non-biblical circles, Solomon also came to be known as amagician and an exorcist, with numerousamulets and medallion seals dating from theHellenistic period invoking his name.[10
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